ENGLISH GRAMMAR Imperative and exclamatory sentences direct indirect speech continued

 An imperative sentence expresses ideas such as advice, order, request, suggestion, instruction, permission, allowance etc.

In order to change an imperative sentence into the indirect speech, we use a to-infinitive  and with reporting verb.

Reporting Verbs

Advise, command, request, suggest, threaten, order, forbid, propose,  prompt etc

Direct: The man said to the boy, ‘Please keep the book on the table.’

Indirect: The  man requested the boy to keep the book on the table..
Direct: I said to him, ‘ Obey your elders.’
Indirect: I advised him to obey his elders. 
Direct: The teacher said to the students, ‘Sit straight.’
Indirect: The teacher advised the students to sit straight. 
Direct: Ruhi said to me, ‘Please lend me your box.’
Indirect: Ruhi requested me to lend her my box.


Exclamatory sentences express a sudden emotions such as joy, sorrow, regret, surprise etc. Common explanatory phrases are given below:

Hurrah! Ha! 

Alas! Oh! 
Bravo! 
What! Oh! How! 
 

An exclamatory sentence has a sign of exclamation after it which changes into a full stop in the indirect speech.

In indirect speech, the exclamatory phrase or word (interjection) is replaced by ‘exclaimed with joy, sorrow,  surprise etc.’

The word 'that' is added  in the indirect speech.

Examples are given below:

Direct: The girl said, ‘Hurrah! I have stood first.’
Indirect: The girl exclaimed with joy that she had come first. 
Direct: The old woman said, ‘Alas! He is no more.’
Indirect: The old woman exclaimed with sorrow that he was no more.
Direct: Ruhi said, ‘What a beautiful bird!’
Indirect: Ruhi exclaimed with delight that it was a very beautiful sight. OR Ruhi exclaimed with delight that the sight was very beautiful.


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